What Exhibit Would Be the Least Likely Choice for a Museum Specializing in European Art

Homo heidelbergensis

Discovery Date: 1908

Where Lived: Europe; perhaps Asia (Red china); Africa (eastern and southern)

When Lived: Well-nigh 700,000 to 200,000 years ago

Top: Males: average 5 ft nine in (175 cm); Females: average v ft 2 in (157 cm)

Weight: Males: average 136 lbs (62 kg); Females: average 112 lbs (51 kg)

Overview:

This early human species had a very large browridge, and a larger braincase and flatter face than older early man species. It was the showtime early human being species to live in colder climates; their ­­­short, wide bodies were probable an accommodation to conserving estrus. Information technology lived at the fourth dimension of the oldest definite command of fire and use of wooden spears, and information technology was the first early human species to routinely hunt big animals. This early on human too broke new footing; information technology was the commencement species to build shelters, creating elementary dwellings out of wood and rock.

History of Discovery:

In 1908 near Heidelberg, Germany, a workman establish the type specimen of H. heidelbergensis in the Rösch sandpit merely north of the village of Mauer. This mandible was most complete except for the missing premolars and first ii left molars; it is heavily built and lacks a chin. German scientist Otto Schoentensack was the first to describe the specimen and proposed the species name Human being heidelbergensis.

Before the naming of this species, scientists referred to early human fossils showing traits similar to both Human being erectus and modern humans as 'archaic' Human sapiens.

How They Survived:

There is evidence that H. heidelbergensis was capable of controlling burn by building hearths, or early on fireplaces, by 790,000 years ago in the form of fire-altered tools and burnt wood at the site of Gesher Benot Ya-aqov in State of israel. Social groups probably oftentimes gathered effectually their hearths sharing food, stay warm, and ward off predators.

H. heidelbergensis probably took advantage of natural shelters but this species was also the starting time to build simple shelters. Evidence for this comes from the site of Terra Amata, French republic.

H. heidelbergensis was also the beginning hunter of large game animals; remains of animals such as wild deer, horses, elephants, hippos, and rhinos with butchery marks on their bones accept been found together at sites with H. heidelbergensis fossils. Testify for this also comes from 400,000 twelvemonth old wooden spears plant at the site of Schöningen, Frg, which were found together with stone tools and the remains of more 10 butchered horses.

Ane site in Atapuerca, northern Spain, dating to near 400,000 years agone, shows evidence of what may be human ritual. Scientists take institute basic of roughly thirty H. heidelbergensis individuals deliberately thrown within a pit. The pit has been named Sima  de los Huesos ('Pit of Bones'). Aslope the skeletal remains, scientists uncovered a unmarried well-made symmetrical handaxe —illustrating the tool-making ability ofH. heidelbergensis.

Evolutionary Tree Information:

This species may reach back to one.3 meg years ago, and include early humans from Espana ('Human antecessor' fossils and archeological evidence from 800,000 to 1.3 million years sometime), England (archeological remains back to almost 1 million years old), and Italy (from the site of Ceprano, maybe equally one-time as i million years).

Comparison of Neanderthal and modern human DNA suggests that the two lineages diverged from a common antecedent, nigh probable Homo heidelbergensis, one-time betwixt 350,000 and 400,000 years ago – with the European branch leading to H. neanderthalensis and the African branch (sometimes called Homo rhodesiensis) to H. sapiens.

Questions:

We don't know everything about early humans—but we continue learning more! Paleoanthropologists are constantly in the field, excavating new areas with groundbreaking engineering, and continually filling in some of the gaps about our understanding of human being evolution.

Below are some of the still unanswered questions mostHomo heidelbergensisthat may be answered with future discoveries:

1. Did this early human species indeed range in time from 1.iii million to 200,000 years ago, and in geography from Africa to Europe to Asia? Or are there more than one species represented among the fossils that some scientists call H. heidelbergensis (including H. antecessor, H. cepranensis, and H. rhodesiensis)?
2. Many scientists retrieve this species was bequeathed to our own, just which species was the ancestor of H. heidelbergensis?
3. Did H. heidelbergensis have any cultural or behavioral adaptations that facilitated information technology living in colder climates?
4. Did regional groups or populations of H. heidelbergensis exhibit any unique behaviors or anatomical adaptations?

References:

First newspaper:

Schoetensack, O., 1908. Der Unterkiefer des Human being heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann.

Other recommended readings:

Martinez, I., Rosa, L., Arsuaga, J.-Fifty. Jarabo, P., Quam, R., Lorenzo, C., Gracia, A., Carretero, J.-M., Bermúdez de Castro, J.M., Carbonell, Eastward., 2004. Auditory capacities in Middle Pleistocene humans from the Sierra de Atapuerca in Spain. Proceedings of the National University of Sciences 101, 9976-9981.

Mounier, A., Marchal, F., Condemi, South. 2009. Is Human heidelbergensis a distinct species? New insight on the Mauer mandible". Journal of Human Evolution 56, 219-246.

Rightmire, G.P., 1998. Homo evolution in the Center Pleistocene: the function of Homo heidelbergensis. Evolutionary Anthropology 6, 218-227.

Stringer, C.B., Trinkaus, Due east., Roberts, M.B., Parfitt, Southward.A., Macphail, R.I., 1998.The Eye Pleistocene human tibia from Boxgrove. Periodical of Man Evolution 34, 509-547.

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Source: https://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-heidelbergensis

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